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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

200
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
200
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
155
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
214
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

177
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
177
Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

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Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
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Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

260
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
260

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Related Experiment Video

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Procoagulant Platelet Characterization by Measuring Phosphatidylserine Exposure and Microvesicle Release from Human Purified Platelets
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Pediatric antiphospholipid syndrome.

Jacqueline A Madison1, Yu Zuo2, Jason S Knight2

  • 1Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

European Journal of Rheumatology
|December 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is understudied, affecting children with unique symptoms and treatment needs. This review covers diagnosis, clinical features, and management for pediatric APS, highlighting differences from adult disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Pediatric antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a rare autoimmune condition with significant potential for childhood morbidity.
  • The condition remains understudied, particularly concerning its epidemiology, clinical presentation, and management in pediatric populations.
  • Understanding pediatric APS is crucial for differentiating it from adult APS and its occurrence in conjunction with lupus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge on pediatric antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) epidemiology.
  • To outline diagnostic approaches for clinicians managing suspected pediatric APS cases.
  • To discuss clinical manifestations, treatment implications, and future research directions for pediatric APS.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review focusing on pediatric antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).
  • Analysis of similarities and differences between pediatric and adult APS, including primary APS and APS in lupus.
  • Examination of non-thrombotic clinical features, particularly neurological and hematological aspects.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric APS presents unique clinical manifestations, including neurological and hematological issues, beyond typical thrombosis.
  • Antiphospholipid antibody positivity has distinct implications for children with lupus and neonates born to mothers with APS.
  • Treatment strategies for pediatric APS require careful consideration due to the specific effects of medications in children.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) requires specialized attention due to its distinct clinical profile and treatment considerations.
  • Further mechanistic research is essential to advance personalized care for children with APS.
  • Bridging knowledge gaps in pediatric APS will improve diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic outcomes.