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Steering Active Emulsions with Liquid Crystals.

Karthik Nayani1, Ubaldo M Córdova-Figueroa2, Nicholas L Abbott1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Active transport of liquid crystal (LC) droplets in a continuous LC phase is achieved via Marangoni stresses. These droplets move perpendicular to the LC director, unlike passive diffusion, due to orientation-dependent forces.

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Area of Science:

  • Colloidal science
  • Soft matter physics
  • Liquid crystal dynamics

Background:

  • Passive colloids in liquid crystals (LCs) move along the LC director due to minimal hydrodynamic drag.
  • Active transport phenomena in complex fluids are crucial for understanding self-propulsion and directed motion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the active transport of nematic liquid crystal (LC) droplets in a continuous LC phase.
  • To understand the influence of Marangoni stresses on the directionality of LC droplet motion.
  • To explore the role of LC ordering in colloidal dynamics and active transport.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing Marangoni stresses, generated by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), to propel nematic droplets of 4'-pentyl-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (5CB) through a disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) LC phase.
  • Measuring droplet orientations and velocities using microscopy.
  • Comparing the motion of nematic droplets with self-propelled isotropic oil droplets.

Main Results:

  • Nematic LC droplets moved preferentially perpendicular to the continuous-phase LC director, contrary to passive diffusion.
  • Orientation-dependent van der Waals forces were identified as biasing droplet orientation and propulsion.
  • Periodic velocity changes correlated with satellite droplet formation and solubilization dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Liquid crystal ordering significantly alters the dynamics of active colloidal systems.
  • The orientation of nematic droplets can be manipulated to control their active transport direction.
  • This study offers fundamental insights into steering active colloids in complex fluid environments.