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Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
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IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Method for Recording Broadband High Resolution Emission Spectra of Laboratory Lightning Arcs
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Using Lightning Flashes to Image Thunderclouds.

Michael Peterson1

  • 1ISR-2, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.

Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres : JGR
|December 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new thundercloud imaging technique that analyzes lightning illumination to map cloud properties. This method rapidly visualizes changes in storm convection for improved weather monitoring.

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Science
  • Remote Sensing
  • Meteorology

Background:

  • Optical signals from lightning flashes are influenced by cloud scattering and absorption.
  • Space-based lightning imager data represent a combination of flash energy and radiative transfer within clouds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel thundercloud imaging technique.
  • To characterize cloud regions based on lightning illumination patterns.
  • To differentiate between convective, stratiform, and anvil lightning flashes.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling the spatial distribution of optical energy from lightning pulses.
  • Assessing individual cloud pixels for homogeneous planar layer behavior.
  • Constructing a gridded product to classify flash types and illumination characteristics.

Main Results:

  • The technique successfully differentiates cloud regions illuminated by convective, stratiform, and anvil lightning.
  • A gridded product is generated, classifying flash types based on optical emissions.
  • Rapid (20 s) updates of cloud convection changes are visualized using a 15-min rolling window.

Conclusions:

  • The presented imaging technique effectively characterizes thundercloud structure and dynamics using lightning illumination.
  • This method provides a rapid visualization tool for monitoring storm convection.
  • The approach enhances the understanding of lightning-cloud interactions and radiative transfer effects.