[Immune disturbances in acute pyelonephritis. Part I]

M N Shatokhin1,2,3, A I Konoplya1,2,3, I M Kholimenko1,2,3

  • 1Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduated Education of Ministry of Health of Russia, Urological Center of the Scientific Clinical Center of Russian Railways, Moscow, Russia.

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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

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