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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Chilblains.

Astrid Nyssen1,2, Farida Benhadou3, Marc Magnée1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, CHR Verviers East Belgium Verviers, Belgium.

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|December 7, 2019
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Idiopathic chilblain, a cold-induced skin inflammation, is poorly recognized. This review highlights its causes, diagnosis, and varied treatment options, emphasizing lifestyle changes and potential therapies.

Keywords:
Chilblainacrosyndrommicrocirculationpernio

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Idiopathic chilblain is a common acrosyndrome often overlooked.
  • It presents as localized skin inflammation triggered by cold, non-freezing wet conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance understanding and awareness of idiopathic chilblain.
  • To review current knowledge on its etiology, diagnosis, and management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of idiopathic chilblain.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and histological findings.
  • Evaluation of treatment efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Etiology is uncertain, with vasospasm implicated in the cold response.
  • Diagnosis relies on clinical presentation; biopsy shows dermal edema and inflammation.
  • Management includes cold avoidance, smoking cessation, and pharmacotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to confirm the efficacy of treatments like calcium channel blockers and topical steroids.
  • Lifestyle modifications are primary management strategies.
  • Acupuncture may offer symptomatic relief for some patients.