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Epistaxis01:30

Epistaxis

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Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, occurs when small, swollen blood vessels in the nasal mucous membrane rupture. Typically, the anterior septum is the primary site of occurrence.
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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Plastic Surgery
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • Oculofacial plastic surgery requires effective pain management.
  • Non-opioid analgesics like ketorolac are considered alternatives to reduce opioid reliance.
  • Potential bleeding risks associated with ketorolac in surgical contexts require evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess adverse hemorrhagic outcomes in patients receiving intravenous ketorolac during oculofacial plastic surgery.
  • To determine if intraoperative ketorolac increases the risk of postoperative bleeding events.
  • To evaluate the impact of ketorolac on postoperative ecchymosis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 111 patients undergoing lacrimal or orbital surgery.
  • Patients were divided into two groups: those receiving intraoperative IV ketorolac and a control group.
  • Outcomes measured included major postoperative bleeding, ecchymosis grade, and persistent ecchymosis.

Main Results:

  • No major postoperative bleeding events occurred in either the ketorolac or control group.
  • No statistically significant difference was found in ecchymosis grade or persistent ecchymosis between the groups.
  • Demographic characteristics were similar between the groups, and subgroup analysis of lacrimal versus orbital cases showed no significant differences.

Conclusions:

  • Intraoperative ketorolac use appears safe and does not elevate the risk of postoperative bleeding complications in oculofacial procedures.
  • Ketorolac can be a valuable alternative for pain control, potentially reducing the need for opioids.
  • Further research may support ketorolac as a standard analgesic in this surgical subspecialty.