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Cilia-based peptidergic signaling.

Raj Luxmi1, Dhivya Kumar2, Richard E Mains1

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America.

Plos Biology
|December 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cilia secrete peptide signals via extracellular vesicles, revealing ancient intercellular communication. This study identifies peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase (PAM) in ciliary ectosomes, impacting algal mating behavior and suggesting conserved roles in animal physiology.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Peptide signaling predates the nervous system, with cilia acting as crucial signaling hubs.
  • Cilia secrete bioactive extracellular vesicles (ectosomes), but their cargo and function are largely unknown.
  • Understanding ciliary secretion mechanisms is key to deciphering intercellular communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nature and function of signals secreted by ciliary ectosomes.
  • To identify the peptidergic signaling machinery within ciliary ectosomes.
  • To explore the evolutionary origins and physiological roles of ciliary ectosome-mediated signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of ciliary ectosomes from the green alga Chlamydomonas.
  • Identification of peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase (PAM) and associated peptidergic components.
  • Functional assays to determine the chemoattractant/repellent properties of secreted peptides.

Main Results:

  • Developmentally regulated release of PAM and complete peptidergic signaling machinery in ciliary ectosomes.
  • Identification of an amidated PAM product acting as a chemoattractant for minus gametes and repellent for plus gametes.
  • Evidence for conserved PAM presence in mammalian cilia, suggesting ancient signaling roles.

Conclusions:

  • Cilia provide a novel pathway for secreting amidated signaling peptides via ectosomes.
  • Ciliary ectosome-mediated peptidergic signaling is an ancient mechanism dating back to early eukaryotes.
  • This signaling pathway likely plays significant roles in metazoan physiology.