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Effects of stress on functional connectivity during problem solving.

Neetu Nair1, John P Hegarty2, Bradley J Ferguson3

  • 1Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Thompson Center for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.

Neuroimage
|December 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Stress impacts brain connectivity during creative problem-solving, particularly in individuals with the short allele of the serotonin transporter gene. This genetic factor influences how stress affects neural pathways linked to verbal tasks.

Keywords:
CreativityDivergent thinkingFunctional connectivityFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)Genetic susceptibilitySerotonin transporter

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Stress significantly impacts cognitive functions, including creativity and problem-solving.
  • The serotonin transporter gene polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) is linked to stress susceptibility.
  • Functional connectivity (FC) in language networks is crucial for verbal problem-solving.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of acute stress on functional connectivity (FC) in brain language regions during a creative verbal problem-solving task.
  • To explore the moderating roles of gender and the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism (short allele, S) on stress-related FC changes.

Main Methods:

  • Forty-five healthy young adults (28 female) underwent fMRI during a verbal problem-solving task under stress (Montreal Imaging Stress Test) and no-stress conditions.
  • Participants were genotyped for the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism (S or L allele).
  • Task performance (solution latency) and FC in language regions were analyzed in relation to stress and genotype.

Main Results:

  • No main effect of stress on overall FC was found.
  • Stress-induced changes in middle temporal gyrus connectivity positively correlated with solution latency in S allele carriers, but anti-correlated in L allele carriers.
  • A trend for a gene-by-stress interaction on solution latency was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic susceptibility to stress, indicated by the S allele, influences neural correlates of performance in verbal problem-solving tasks.
  • Middle temporal gyrus connectivity may serve as a neural marker for stress susceptibility's impact on cognition.
  • Further research is needed to explore these findings in clinical populations with stress-related disorders.