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Related Concept Videos

Perception01:28

Perception

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Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
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Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
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Subliminal perception refers to the processing of sensory information that occurs below the level of conscious awareness. Researchers study subliminal perception by presenting a stimulus, such as a word or image, very quickly, typically around 50 milliseconds. This rapid presentation is often followed by another stimulus, such as a pattern of dots or lines, which blocks further mental processing of the initial stimulus. As a result, if participants cannot identify the initial stimulus better...
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Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

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Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
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Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
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Classical conditioning not only includes the initial pairing of stimuli but also extends to more complex forms, such as higher-order conditioning. Higher-order conditioning involves creating associations beyond the primary conditioned stimulus, resulting in a chain of conditioned responses.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
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Category learning can alter perception and its neural correlates.

Fernanda Pérez-Gay Juárez1,2, Tomy Sicotte2, Christian Thériault2

  • 1McGill University, Montréal, Canada.

Plos One
|December 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Learning to categorize visual textures changes perception, making categories seem more distinct. This study shows behavioral and brain changes in successful learners, demonstrating how category learning impacts perception.

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Last Updated: Jan 2, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Perception Psychology

Background:

  • Learned Categorical Perception (CP) describes how learning new categories alters the perceived similarity of stimuli.
  • CP involves increased dissimilarity between categories and/or decreased similarity within categories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the behavioral and physiological markers of learned Categorical Perception (CP).
  • To compare individuals who successfully learned visual texture categories with those who did not.

Main Methods:

  • Participants learned to sort visual textures into two categories via trial-and-error with feedback.
  • Dissimilarity judgments and Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) were recorded before and after learning.
  • Learners (≥80% accuracy) and Non-Learners were identified.

Main Results:

  • Successful Learners exhibited increased between-category separation and within-category compression in dissimilarity judgments post-learning.
  • Learners showed increased late parietal positivity (LPC) and decreased occipital N1 amplitude.
  • LPC amplitude correlated with accuracy, and N1 amplitude correlated with between-category separation.

Conclusions:

  • Category learning significantly alters visual perception, evidenced by changes in dissimilarity judgments and ERPs.
  • Learners demonstrate distinct perceptual and neural adjustments compared to Non-Learners.
  • Findings support the idea that category learning can modify perceptual processing.