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Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

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γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

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Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

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Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers01:17

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Calcium channel blockers, a class of antiepileptic drugs, regulate the flow of calcium ions within neurons.
Calcium channel blockers exert their antiepileptic effects by targeting T-type calcium channels, which are integral to transmitting nerve signals in the central nervous system. These channels allow the passage of calcium ions, which are vital for neuronal communication. By inhibiting T-type calcium channels, calcium channel blockers effectively reduce the release of neurotransmitters and...
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Lipidomics and Transcriptomics in Neurological Diseases
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The Interplay between the Endocannabinoid System, Epilepsy and Cannabinoids.

Keith A Kwan Cheung1, Hassendrini Peiris1, Geoffrey Wallace2

  • 1Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Children's Health Research (CCHR), 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|December 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Medicinal cannabis, particularly cannabidiol, shows promise for managing epilepsy by targeting neuroinflammation via the endocannabinoid system (ECS). Further research is needed to understand these mechanisms for improved treatment.

Keywords:
biomarkerscannabinoidscannabisendocannabinoid systemendocannabinoidsepilepsyneuroinflammationneurological diseases

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pharmacology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Epilepsy affects 50 million globally, with no definitive cure.
  • Neuroinflammation is increasingly recognized as a key factor in epilepsy.
  • Medicinal cannabis is emerging as a potential treatment for epilepsy symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the links between epilepsy, neuroinflammation, and the endocannabinoid system (ECS).
  • To explore how cannabinoids may offer alternative therapies for epilepsy.
  • To examine the potential of cannabidiol (CBD) in managing epilepsy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research.
  • Analysis of studies on the ECS and neuroinflammation in epilepsy.
  • Examination of cannabinoid mechanisms of action.

Main Results:

  • The ECS plays a role in neuroinflammation, suggesting it can be modulated by cannabinoids.
  • Cannabidiol (CBD) exhibits anti-convulsant and anti-inflammatory properties.
  • Cannabinoids show potential for reducing seizure incidence and severity.

Conclusions:

  • Cannabinoids, especially CBD, are promising for epilepsy treatment by targeting neuroinflammation.
  • Further research is required to elucidate signaling pathways for improved therapeutic application.
  • Understanding these pathways is crucial for the regulation of medicinal cannabis.