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Deception is a pervasive aspect of human communication. Empirical studies have shown that most individuals engage in some form of deceit on a daily basis, with approximately 20% of social exchanges involving deceptive elements. Lying follows a developmental trajectory, peaking during adolescence and declining with age, possibly due to the maturation of cognitive control and social accountability.Cognitive and Social Factors in Deception DetectionDespite its prevalence, accurately detecting...
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Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 2, 2026

An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime
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Utilizing content-knowledge questionnaires to assess study eligibility and detect deceptive responding.

Justin C Strickland1, William W Stoops1,2,3,4

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky College of Arts and Sciences, Lexington, KY, USA.

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
|December 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Content-knowledge questionnaires offer an objective way to verify study eligibility when objective measures like urinalysis are not feasible. This method efficiently assesses participant honesty in research screening.

Keywords:
CannabiscrowdsourcingdeceptionenrollmentinternetmTurksubstance use

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Research Methodology
  • Substance Use Research

Background:

  • Deceptive responding during eligibility screening is a significant challenge in research.
  • Assessing inclusion/exclusion criteria is difficult when objective verification methods like urinalysis are not feasible.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and describe content-knowledge questionnaires as an objective method for collateral assessment of study eligibility.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of a Cannabis Knowledge Questionnaire (CKQ) in assessing participant honesty regarding cannabis use.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 3772 participants via Amazon Mechanical Turk (mTurk) who completed the CKQ, assessing knowledge of cannabis costs, weights, and terminology.
  • Compared self-reported cannabis use history with CKQ scores.
  • Conducted an in-laboratory assessment with 43 participants for screening in substance research protocols.

Main Results:

  • The CKQ demonstrated good internal consistency (α = .74).
  • Current cannabis users showed significantly higher correct response rates and odds of correct answers on CKQ items.
  • In laboratory settings, participants with positive cannabis tests or a history of regular use scored higher on the CKQ.

Conclusions:

  • Content-knowledge questionnaires are efficient and effective for collateral assessment of study eligibility, particularly when biomarkers are not feasible.
  • This approach can help mitigate issues arising from deceptive responding during research screening.
  • Further research should explore the application of these questionnaires in diverse settings and for other substances.