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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
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Very early systemic sclerosis.

Silvia Bellando-Randone1, Marco Matucci-Cerinic1

  • 1Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology
|December 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diagnosing very early systemic sclerosis (SSc) is challenging due to subtle symptoms. Current strategies focus on close monitoring for organ involvement to guide timely treatment.

Keywords:
Classification criteriaDiagnosisVery early systemic sclerosis

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Early diagnosis of systemic sclerosis (SSc) is difficult when typical signs are absent.
  • The understanding of SSc's early phases has evolved, emphasizing early intervention.
  • "Very early SSc" presents with Raynaud's phenomenon, puffy fingers, autoantibodies, and capillaroscopic microvascular changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the diagnostic challenges in very early systemic sclerosis.
  • To highlight the current limitations in predicting disease progression.
  • To discuss the clinical dilemma regarding early treatment initiation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current diagnostic criteria for very early SSc.
  • Analysis of clinical features including Raynaud's phenomenon, puffy fingers, and capillaroscopy.
  • Discussion of autoantibody profiles and their role.

Main Results:

  • "Very early SSc" is characterized by a specific set of clinical and subclinical findings.
  • Reliable biomarkers for predicting disease evolution in very early SSc are currently lacking.
  • The decision to initiate treatment in the earliest phase remains challenging.

Conclusions:

  • Close follow-up is the primary strategy for managing very early SSc.
  • Real-time detection of internal organ involvement is crucial for initiating aggressive therapy.
  • Further research is needed for predictive biomarkers to guide treatment decisions.