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Related Concept Videos

Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

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MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
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Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

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The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation
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Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation

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Antigen processing and presentation.

Fiorella Kotsias1, Ignacio Cebrian2, Andrés Alloatti3

  • 1Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.

International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology
|December 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dendritic cells process and present pathogen antigens to T cells, initiating adaptive immunity. This review details the cellular and molecular mechanisms of antigen processing and presentation by dendritic cells.

Keywords:
Antigen internalizationAntigen presentationAntigen processingCross-presentationDendritic cellsImmunotherapyMHC class I antigen presentationMHC class II antigen presentation

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Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation
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An Efficient and High Yield Method for Isolation of Mouse Dendritic Cell Subsets
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial immune sentinels.
  • DCs capture antigens in peripheral tissues and migrate to lymphoid organs.
  • They present processed antigens to T cells to initiate adaptive immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on dendritic cell (DC) antigen processing.
  • To highlight recent advances in DC antigen presentation mechanisms.
  • To elucidate the cellular and molecular basis of DC-T cell interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of immunological and cellular biology research.
  • Analysis of molecular pathways involved in antigen processing.
  • Examination of mechanisms of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) association.

Main Results:

  • DCs process complex antigens into peptides for MHC presentation.
  • MHC/antigen complexes, costimulatory molecules, and cytokines guide T cell responses.
  • Specific cellular locations within lymphoid organs facilitate DC-T cell interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding DC antigen processing and presentation is key to adaptive immunity.
  • Recent advances reveal intricate cellular and molecular mechanisms.
  • This knowledge is vital for developing targeted immunotherapies.