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Clec10a regulates mite-induced dermatitis.

Kazumasa Kanemaru1,2, Emiko Noguchi3, Satoko Tahara-Hanaoka1,2,4

  • 1Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.

Science Immunology
|December 8, 2019
PubMed

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A mutation in the Clec10a gene causes hypersensitivity to house dust mites (HDM) and severe dermatitis in mice. Repairing this gene or using its human homolog, Asgr1, can reduce HDM-induced skin inflammation.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • House dust mite (HDM) allergy is common, causing conditions like atopic dermatitis, but its immune regulation is not fully understood.
  • NC/Nga mice exhibit heightened susceptibility to HDM and develop severe dermatitis, suggesting a genetic basis for their hypersensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic mechanisms underlying HDM hypersensitivity in NC/Nga mice.
  • To elucidate the role of C-type lectin receptor Clec10a in regulating immune responses to HDM.
  • To identify human homologs and therapeutic targets for HDM-induced dermatitis.

Main Methods:

  • Whole-exome sequencing to identify mutations in susceptible mouse strains.
  • CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to repair the identified mutation.

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  • Generation of Clec10a knockout mice (Clec10a-/-) for functional studies.
  • Analysis of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathways and cytokine production.
  • Identification of HDM-derived ligands for Clec10a and Asgr1.
  • Main Results:

    • A stop-gain mutation in the Clec10a gene was identified in NC/Nga mice, correlating with HDM hypersensitivity.
    • CRISPR-Cas9 repair of the Clec10a mutation ameliorated HDM-induced dermatitis in NC/Nga mice.
    • Clec10a deficiency (Clec10a-/-) exacerbated HDM-induced dermatitis, indicating a protective role.
    • Clec10a on skin macrophages inhibits TLR4-mediated inflammation via its cytoplasmic motif.
    • Asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (Asgr1) was identified as the human functional homolog of mouse Clec10a.
    • A mucin-like molecule in HDM acts as a ligand for both mouse Clec10a and human Asgr1.
    • Application of the HDM ligand reduced TLR4 ligand-induced dermatitis in mice.

    Conclusions:

    • The Clec10a mutation in NC/Nga mice is directly responsible for their hypersensitivity to HDM.
    • Clec10a plays a crucial role in maintaining skin homeostasis by suppressing inflammatory responses to HDM.
    • Human Asgr1 is a potential therapeutic target for managing HDM-induced allergic skin inflammation.
    • Targeting the Clec10a-ligand interaction offers a novel strategy for treating allergic dermatitis.