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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
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The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
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Musculoskeletal hand involvement in systemic sclerosis.

Robert David Sandler1, Marco Matucci-Cerinic2, Michael Hughes1

  • 1Department of Rheumatology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom.

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|December 9, 2019
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Summary

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) frequently causes musculoskeletal hand complications, affecting patient quality of life. This review details SSc hand pathologies and their clinical impact.

Keywords:
HandMusculoskeletalSclerodermaSystemic sclerosis

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Systemic Sclerosis Research

Background:

  • Musculoskeletal (MSK) hand involvement is a major cause of morbidity in systemic sclerosis (SSc).
  • MSK complications in SSc are prevalent, affecting various MSK system components and appearing early in disease progression.
  • Pathologies range from arthralgia to inflammatory joint and tendon disease, impacting quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of MSK hand complications in patients with SSc.
  • To highlight the diverse range and clinical significance of MSK hand pathology in SSc.
  • To inform clinical practice and potential therapeutic strategies for MSK involvement in SSc.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of musculoskeletal hand complications in systemic sclerosis.
  • Synthesis of current understanding of SSc-related MSK hand pathologies.
  • Analysis of imaging's role in SSc MSK complication diagnosis and management.

Main Results:

  • MSK hand involvement in SSc encompasses arthralgia, inflammatory joint/tendon disease, enthesitis, contractures, and tendon friction rubs.
  • Bony manifestations include osteomyelitis and acro-osteolysis, alongside calcinosis and carpal tunnel syndrome.
  • MSK imaging provides crucial insights into disease pathogenesis and clinical management.

Conclusions:

  • Musculoskeletal hand complications represent a significant burden in systemic sclerosis patients.
  • Understanding these diverse pathologies is vital for effective clinical management.
  • Further research into mechanistic insights may lead to novel treatment approaches for MSK involvement in SSc.