Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Interference and Decay

Interference and Decay

Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A novel and effective item-source complex trial protocol: Discrimination of guilty from both knowledgeable and unknowledgeable innocent subjects.

Psychophysiology·2022

Same author

The effects of practicing a novel countermeasure on both the semantic and episodic memory-based complex trial protocols.

International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology·2022

Same author

Bayesian Data Analysis: A Fresh Approach to Power Issues and Null Hypothesis Interpretation.

Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback·2021

Same author

Familiarity-related filler items enhance the RT CIT, but not the P300 CIT: Episodic vs. Semantic memory protocols.

International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology·2020

Same author

Necessity of the target discrimination in the P300-based complex trial protocol test for concealed information.

Psychophysiology·2020

Same author

The enhancing effect of incongruent verbal priming stimuli on the CIT effect with pictorial probes in the P300-based complex trial protocol.

International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology·2020

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 2, 2026

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

Published on: July 16, 2015

The effect of retroactive memory interference on the P300-based Complex Trial Protocol (CTP).

Anne C Ward¹, J Peter Rosenfeld¹, Evan J Sitar¹

¹Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.

International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology

|December 9, 2019

Summary

Retroactive interference (RI) did not impair the accuracy of the P300-based Complex Trial Protocol (CTP) concealed information test (CIT). This suggests that memory impairment from new information does not threaten the CTP's diagnostic power in detecting concealed knowledge.

Keywords:

CIT CTP Complex Trial Protocol Concealed information test P300 countermeasures retroactive interference

More Related Videos

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Emotional Prosodies on Voice Recognition and Perception

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Emotional Prosodies on Voice Recognition and Perception

Published on: August 9, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 2, 2026

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

Published on: July 16, 2015

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Emotional Prosodies on Voice Recognition and Perception

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Emotional Prosodies on Voice Recognition and Perception

Published on: August 9, 2024

Area of Science:

Psychology
Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

P300-based concealed information tests (CITs) detect deception by measuring responses to crime-related stimuli.
Memory impairment, such as that caused by retroactive interference (RI), could potentially reduce the effectiveness of CITs by making crime details less recognizable.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of RI on the accuracy of the Complex Trial Protocol (CTP) version of the P300-based CIT.
To determine if memory weakening through RI affects the P300-based CTP's ability to detect concealed knowledge.

Main Methods:

Participants underwent a mock-crime scenario followed by either a control task or an RI manipulation task designed to interfere with memory.
The CIT was administered at different time intervals (immediately or one week later) after the mock-crime and manipulation tasks.
Analysis focused on P300 amplitudes, hit rates, error rates, P300 latencies, and behavioral response times.

Main Results:

The RI manipulation successfully reduced memory of crime details.
Despite memory impairment, the P300-based CTP consistently showed a significant CIT effect across all conditions.
No significant differences in CIT effect indices, error rates, or P300 latencies were found between the control and RI groups or across time delays.

Conclusions:

The retroactive interference manipulation did not compromise the accuracy of the P300-based Complex Trial Protocol CIT.
The findings suggest that the CTP remains a robust measure of concealed knowledge even when memory for crime details is weakened.
Further research is needed to explore the limitations and potential explanations for these results in comparison to previous studies.