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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Novel therapies for thyroid autoimmune diseases: An update
Silvia Martina Ferrari1, Poupak Fallahi2, Giusy Elia1
1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
|December 10, 2019
Summary
New therapies are being explored for autoimmune thyroid disorders like Graves' disease. Research focuses on modulating immune responses and targeting specific pathways for better treatment outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Endocrinology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Autoimmune thyroiditis (AT), Graves' disease (GD), and Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) are characterized by a Th1 immune response.
- Th1-chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11) and their receptor (CXCR3) play a significant role in the immunopathogenesis of these conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current and emerging therapeutic strategies for autoimmune thyroid disorders.
- To highlight the role of immune modulation and targeted therapies in managing AT, GD, and GO.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on drug modulation of Th1-chemokines and CXCR3.
- Examination of antigen-specific therapies, cytokine-targeting drugs, and monoclonal antibodies.
- Analysis of novel treatments like Teprotumumab for Graves' ophthalmopathy.
Main Results:
- Methimazole and corticosteroids can modulate Th1-chemokines.
- Various agents, including PPAR ligands, anti-cytokine drugs (anti-TNFα, anti-IL-6), RTX, and Teprotumumab, show promise in modulating autoimmune responses and treating GO.
- Antigen-specific therapy for GD by inducing T cell tolerance has been explored.
Conclusions:
- Significant progress has been made in developing targeted therapies for autoimmune thyroid disorders.
- Further research is essential to identify and validate new therapeutic approaches for AT, GD, and GO.
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