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Wild Bee Visitation Rates Exceed Pollination Thresholds in Commercial Cucurbita Agroecosystems.

C M McGrady¹, R Troyer¹, S J Fleischer¹

¹The Pennsylvania State University, Entomology Department, University Park, PA.

Journal of Economic Entomology

|December 10, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Wild bees provide adequate pollination for pumpkin crops, meeting essential thresholds. Managed honey bee (Apis mellifera) introductions may be unnecessary, supporting wild pollinator conservation.

Keywords:

agricultural entomology crop pollination pollination social insects vegetable entomology

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Area of Science:

Agricultural Entomology
Pollination Ecology
Conservation Biology

Background:

Growers often supplement wild bees with managed pollinators like honey bees (Apis mellifera) in Cucurbita agroecosystems.
Uncertainty exists regarding the reliability of wild bee pollination services due to temporal and spatial variations.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate wild bee pollination activity in commercial pumpkin fields over three years.
To determine if wild bee populations provide sufficient pollination services independently.
To inform pollination management strategies for growers.

Main Methods:

Field observations of bee foraging behavior and visitation rates in commercial pumpkin fields.
Identification of 37 bee species, with a focus on dominant taxa: honey bees, squash bees (Eucera (Peponapis)), and bumble bees (Bombus spp.).
Synthesis of literature to establish minimum pollination thresholds for key bee taxa.

Main Results:

Honey bees, squash bees, and bumble bees accounted for over 95% of pollination visits.
Pollinator preference for female flowers decreased with increasing distance from the field edge.
Visitation rates were negatively impacted by field size for one key pollinator and showed complex responses to season progression and floral density.

Conclusions:

Key wild bee taxa independently exceeded minimum pollination thresholds in pumpkin fields.
Renting honey bee hives may be superfluous, suggesting a reduced need for managed pollinators.
Findings support the importance of monitoring and conserving wild pollinator populations in agricultural landscapes.