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Trail Runners Cannot Reach V˙O2max during a Maximal Incremental Downhill Test.

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    Summary

    Well-trained athletes achieve lower peak oxygen uptake during downhill running despite higher speeds. Hip extensor strength correlates with velocity at peak oxygen uptake across running types.

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    Area of Science:

    • Exercise Physiology
    • Sports Science
    • Biomechanics

    Background:

    • Downhill running (DR) presents unique physiological demands compared to level running (LR) and uphill running (UR).
    • Understanding the cardiorespiratory and biomechanical responses during maximal DR is crucial for optimizing performance in events like trail races.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak) between DR, LR, and UR in well-trained athletes.
    • To examine the relationship between lower limb extensor muscle strength and the velocity at V˙O2peak (vV˙O2peak) across different running inclines.

    Main Methods:

    • Eight elite athletes performed maximal incremental treadmill tests on level, -15% (downhill), and +15% (uphill) slopes.
    • Cardiorespiratory responses, spatiotemporal parameters, and maximal voluntary isometric strength of hip, knee, and ankle extensors were measured.

    Main Results:

    • V˙O2peak was 16-18% lower in DR compared to LR and UR, despite a significantly higher vV˙O2peak in DR.
    • DR at vV˙O2peak exhibited longer stride length and shorter ground contact time than LR and UR.
    • Hip extensor strength correlated significantly with vV˙O2peak in all running conditions, unlike knee and plantar flexor strength.

    Conclusions:

    • Well-trained athletes exhibit reduced V˙O2peak during maximal DR, accompanied by higher vV˙O2peak.
    • Altered running gait and increased musculotendinous loading in DR may explain the distinct cardiorespiratory responses.
    • These findings enhance the understanding of DR physiology and can inform training strategies for trail running performance.