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Human Postprandial Nutrient Metabolism and Low-Grade Inflammation: A Narrative Review
Emma C E Meessen1, Moritz V Warmbrunn2, Max Nieuwdorp2
1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center (AMC), PO box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Abstract:
The importance of the postprandial state has been acknowledged, since hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are linked with several chronic systemic low-grade inflammation conditions. Humans spend more than 16 h per day in the postprandial state and the postprandial state is acknowledged as a complex interplay between nutrients, hormones and diet-derived metabolites. The purpose of this review is to provide insight into the physiology of the postprandial inflammatory response, the role of different nutrients, the pro-inflammatory effects of metabolic endotoxemia and the anti-inflammatory effects of bile acids. Moreover, we discuss nutritional strategies that may be linked to the described pathways to modulate the inflammatory component of the postprandial response.
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