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Related Concept Videos

Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

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Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
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Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
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Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
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Strength and Heat of Hydration01:29

Strength and Heat of Hydration

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The hydration of cement is an exothermic reaction in which heat is generated as cement hydrates. This heat of hydration is critical to cement's strength development. The rate at which this heat is generated affects the temperature rise, with a majority of the heat being released early in the hydration process, half within the first three days, and about 75% within the first week.
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Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
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Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

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The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
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The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or...
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Types of Cement I01:21

Types of Cement I

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Portland cement comes in several types, each with distinct properties and applications based on their chemical composition and hydration characteristics:
Type I (Ordinary Portland Cement) is widely used for general construction where special properties are not required. It has moderate sulfate resistance and heat of hydration.
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Rapid Mix Preparation of Bioinspired Nanoscale Hydroxyapatite for Biomedical Applications
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Hydroxyapatite-based cements induce different apatite formation in radicular dentin.

Manuel Toledano-Osorio1, Fátima S Aguilera1, Raquel Osorio1

  • 1University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Section, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.

Dental Materials : Official Publication of the Academy of Dental Materials
|December 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Hydroxyapatite-based sealers (calcypatite, oxipatite) showed immature crystallite formation in dentin, suggesting remineralizing potential. Oxipatite also demonstrated improved atomic order and potential for enhanced mechanical performance in apical dentin.

Keywords:
CrystallinityDentinMicroscopyRemineralizationTEMXRD

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Area of Science:

  • Dental materials science
  • Crystallography
  • Biomineralization

Background:

  • Root canal sealers are crucial for endodontic treatment success.
  • Understanding the interaction between sealers and dentin is vital for predicting treatment outcomes.
  • Hydroxyapatite (HAp) formation and its crystallographic properties influence dentin remineralization and mechanical integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the crystallinity and ultrastructure of hydroxyapatite formed in radicular dentin after treatment with different canal sealers.
  • To compare the effects of two experimental HAp-based sealers (calcypatite, oxipatite) and an epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus) on dentin.

Main Methods:

  • Root dentin surfaces (cervical and apical) were treated with calcypatite, oxipatite, AH Plus, or gutta-percha (control).
  • Dentin was analyzed using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy after 24 hours and 12 months.
  • Crystallinity, crystallite size, and structural order were assessed using established crystallographic equations.

Main Results:

  • HAp-based sealers (calcypatite, oxipatite) resulted in poor crystallinity and a significant amorphous phase in cervical dentin.
  • Calcypatite-treated dentin showed smaller, wider crystallites and lower grain size compared to oxipatite.
  • Oxipatite-treated dentin exhibited improved crystallographic order and preferred grain orientation in apical dentin.

Conclusions:

  • Immature crystallites formed by calcypatite and oxipatite suggest high hydroxyapatite solubility and potential for remineralization.
  • The polycrystalline formations in apical dentin treated with oxipatite may enhance mechanical properties.
  • These findings highlight the distinct effects of HAp-based sealers on dentin ultrastructure and potential clinical benefits.