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Measuring Dissolved Methane in Aquatic Ecosystems Using An Optical Spectroscopy Gas Analyzer
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A dynamic baseline for dissolved methane in English groundwater.

M P Wilson1, F Worrall1, R J Davies2

  • 1Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Science Labs, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.

The Science of the Total Environment
|December 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Establishing baseline dissolved methane (CH4) in English groundwater is crucial for monitoring shale gas impacts. A Bayesian approach refined environmental data, revealing generally low methane levels but identifying areas exceeding risk thresholds.

Keywords:
AquiferBayesianCH(4)FrackingHydraulic fracturingShale gas

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Geochemistry
  • Hydrogeology

Background:

  • Elevated dissolved methane (CH4) in groundwater is a key environmental concern linked to hydraulic fracturing for shale gas.
  • Establishing reliable dissolved CH4 baselines is essential for detecting and understanding potential environmental impacts from energy extraction activities.
  • Groundwater CH4 baselines must dynamically reflect environmental changes and predict the probability of concentration shifts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine baseline dissolved methane (CH4) concentrations in English groundwater.
  • To assess the effectiveness of a Bayesian approach in refining CH4 datasets for environmental monitoring.
  • To investigate the relationship between groundwater redox conditions and elevated CH4 levels.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a Bayesian approach to analyze four dissolved CH4 datasets from English groundwater (two national, two local).
  • Integrated a sensitive national dataset (British Geological Survey) as a strong prior for a less sensitive, larger national dataset (Environment Agency).
  • Analyzed groundwater redox parameters, including Fe concentration, in relation to CH4 levels.

Main Results:

  • The Bayesian approach improved the precision of the Environment Agency dataset by 75% using a strong prior.
  • The expected mean dissolved CH4 concentration in English groundwater is 0.24 mg/l (95% credible interval: 0.11–0.45 mg/l).
  • Estimated annual CH4 degassing from English groundwater ranges from 0.7 to 3.1 kt/year (expected value 1.65 kt/year).
  • Identified locations with CH4 concentrations ≥10.0 mg/l, exceeding the risk action level, and suggested redox parameters for identifying similar sites.

Conclusions:

  • The Bayesian method significantly enhances the precision of large-scale groundwater CH4 datasets.
  • English groundwater CH4 degassing contributes significantly to atmospheric methane, with a notable greenhouse gas warming potential.
  • Redox conditions, particularly Fe concentration, may serve as indicators for identifying groundwater sites with high dissolved CH4 concentrations.