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Borrelia miyamotoi Activates Human Dendritic Cells and Elicits T Cell Responses

Lauren M K Mason1, Joris Koetsveld2, Jos J A Trentelman2

  • 1Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; l.m.mason@amc.uva.nl.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|December 11, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Borrelia miyamotoi infection triggers dendritic cell (DC) activation and cytokine production, similar to Borrelia burgdorferi. DCs stimulated by B. miyamotoi also induce greater T cell proliferation.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Borrelia miyamotoi causes relapsing fever and is tick-borne, like the Lyme disease agent Borrelia burgdorferi.
  • The immune system's response to B. miyamotoi infection is not well understood.
  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial for early immune responses against Borrelia species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the response of dendritic cells (DCs) to Borrelia miyamotoi.
  • To compare the DC response to B. miyamotoi with that elicited by Borrelia burgdorferi.
  • To understand the role of DCs in the immune response to B. miyamotoi infection.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro and ex vivo models using human monocyte-derived DCs and skin explants.
  • Analysis of DC activation markers, cytokine production, and migration.
  • Comparison of DC responses to B. miyamotoi and B. burgdorferi.
  • Assessment of T cell proliferation induced by B. miyamotoi-stimulated DCs.

Main Results:

  • B. miyamotoi was phagocytosed by DCs, leading to activation marker upregulation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, similar to B. burgdorferi.
  • Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) partially mediated the recognition of B. miyamotoi.
  • DCs migrated from human skin explants upon B. miyamotoi inoculation.
  • B. miyamotoi-stimulated DCs induced greater proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells compared to B. burgdorferi.

Conclusions:

  • Dendritic cells mount an immune response to B. miyamotoi that is comparable to the response against B. burgdorferi.
  • The immune response involves DC activation, cytokine production, migration, and induction of T cell proliferation.
  • These findings highlight the role of DCs in controlling B. miyamotoi infections.

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