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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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Autistic Traits and Illness Trajectories.

Liliana Dell'Osso1, Primo Lorenzi1, Barbara Carpita1

  • 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy.

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Summary

Sub-threshold Autistic Traits (ATs) are common in adults, appearing in clinical and non-clinical groups. These traits may indicate vulnerability to psychopathology or predispose individuals to extraordinary talents.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Growing research explores sub-threshold Autistic Traits (ATs) in adults, extending beyond diagnosed Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
  • ATs are prevalent across the general population and are more pronounced in individuals with psychiatric disorders.
  • These traits are linked to specific personality features, suggesting a role in both psychopathology and exceptional abilities.

Discussion:

  • The concept of the autism spectrum is broadened beyond DSM-5 criteria, encompassing diverse clinical and non-clinical phenotypes.
  • Autistic-like neurodevelopmental alterations may represent a general vulnerability factor for psychiatric disorders.
  • These alterations could also form the neurobiological basis for extraordinary talents, potentially linking to geniality.

Key Insights:

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may be the 'tip of the iceberg' of a broader spectrum of autistic traits.
  • The autism spectrum acts as a trans-nosographic dimension influencing psychopathological and non-psychopathological trajectories.
  • ATs might contribute to the sense of 'otherness' experienced universally by humans.

Outlook:

  • Further research is needed to understand the environmental and developmental factors shaping different autistic trait trajectories.
  • Investigating the neurobiological underpinnings of ATs could illuminate the relationship between vulnerability and exceptional abilities.
  • Exploring the role of ATs in the broader human experience may offer new perspectives on individuality and cognition.