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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
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Cells of the Epidermis01:24

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The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection and Detection
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Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection and Detection

Published on: February 7, 2019

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[Merkel-cell carcinoma].

I Moll1

  • 1DermatoMed Hamburg, Facharztzentrum an der Kampnagelfabrik, Jarrestraße 2-6, 22303, Hamburg, Deutschland. ingridmoll@yahoo.de.

Der Pathologe
|December 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) originates from epidermal stem cells, not Merkel cells. Both viral and UV-induced MCCs respond well to immunotherapy, independent of their cause.

Keywords:
Cell of originCheckpoint inhibitorsKeratin 20Merkel-cell polyomavirusNeuroendocrine carcinoma

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive neuroendocrine cancer.
  • Previously thought to originate from Merkel cells, current evidence suggests epidermal stem cells as the likely origin.
  • Other potential origins include dermal stem cells and pre/pro-B cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the cell of origin for Merkel cell carcinoma.
  • To discuss the etiology, including viral (Merkel cell polyoma virus - MCPyV) and UV-induced mutations.
  • To explore diagnostic methods and recent therapeutic advancements, particularly immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Histological and immunohistochemical analysis for diagnosis (CK20, neurofilaments, chromogranin A).
  • Review of etiological factors: MCPyV integration and UV-induced mutations (TP53, RB1).
  • Analysis of immunogenicity, PD-1/PD-L1 expression, and response to checkpoint inhibitors (pembrolizumab, avelumab).

Main Results:

  • MCC diagnosis relies on characteristic CK20 paranuclear plaques and neuroendocrine markers.
  • Approximately 80% of MCC cases are associated with MCPyV, while 20% show UV-induced mutations.
  • Checkpoint inhibitors show ~50% response rates, irrespective of viral status; circulating tumor cells (CTCs) aid in monitoring.

Conclusions:

  • MCC likely originates from epidermal stem cells.
  • Both viral and UV-induced MCCs are immunogenic and respond to immunotherapy.
  • Further research into immunological and molecular aspects is crucial for personalized therapies, especially in immunocompromised patients.