Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V and breast cancer

Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V (TRPV) channels play important roles in a variety of cellular processes. One example includes the sensory role of TRPV1 that is sensitive to elevated temperatures and acidic environments and is activated by the hot pepper component capsaicin. Another example is the importance of the highly Ca²⁺ selective channels TRPV5 and TRPV6 in Ca²⁺ absorption/reabsorption in the intestine and kidney. However, in some cases such as TRPV4 and TRPV6, breast cancer cells appear to overexpress TRPV channels. Moreover, TRPV mediated Ca²⁺ influx may contribute to enhanced breast cancer cell proliferation and other processes important in tumor progression such as angiogenesis. It appears that the overexpression of some TRPV channels in breast cancer and/or their involvement in breast cancer cell processes, processes important in the tumor microenvironment or pain may make some TRPV channels potential targets for breast cancer therapy. In this review, we provide an overview of TRPV expression in breast cancer subtypes, the roles of TRPV channels in various aspects of breast cancer progression and consider implications for future therapeutic approaches.