Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Context-specific regulatory genetic variation in MTOR dampens neutrophil-T cell crosstalk in pneumonia-associated sepsis.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Intratumoral Three-Cell-Type Clusters Are a Conserved Feature of Endogenous Antitumor Immunity.

Cancer immunology research·2025

Same author

Destructive Xylazine Wounds: A New Entity Faced by Thoracic Surgeons.

Annals of thoracic surgery short reports·2025

Same author

Pressure enabled drug delivery (PEDD) of nelitolimod increased therapeutic delivery, reduced immunosuppression, and improved efficacy in porcine and murine liver tumor models.

Frontiers in oncology·2025

Same author

Endoscopic Management of Anastomotic Leaks Following Left-Sided Colectomy and Primary Colorectal Anastomosis: A Single-Institution Retrospective Review.

Surgical innovation·2025

Same author

Merkel Cell Carcinoma: Current Treatment Landscape and Emerging Therapeutic Targets.

Current oncology reports·2025

Same journal

Transcriptomic profiling of a novel gastric implantation model identifies mechanisms and pathways that drive implantation into explanted human peritoneum.

Cancer gene therapy·2026

Same journal

NCBP1 promotes the malignant progression of Wilms' tumor through stabilization of KPNA2 mRNA.

Cancer gene therapy·2026

Same journal

Reprogramming the tumor microenvironment via TFF3 targeting: a potential novel avenue to boost CAR-T cell therapy in solid tumors.

Cancer gene therapy·2026

Same journal

Hepatitis B virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma: HBx-associated epigenetic mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.

Cancer gene therapy·2026

Same journal

Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated delivery boosts the efficacy of suicide gene therapy based on retroviral replicating vectors in peritoneally disseminated cancer.

Cancer gene therapy·2026

Same journal

The Tumor-suppressive role of CNTNAP2 in glioma: Dual regulation of the NDN-ERK axis and M2 macrophage polarization.

Cancer gene therapy·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Predictive Immune Modeling of Solid Tumors

Predictive Immune Modeling of Solid Tumors

Published on: February 25, 2020

Challenges in assessing solid tumor responses to immunotherapy.

Louis F Chai^1,2, Ethan Prince³, Venu G Pillarisetty⁴

¹Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA.

Cancer Gene Therapy

|December 12, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Immunotherapy can cause pseudoprogression, where tumors appear larger or new lesions emerge, but this may indicate a beneficial response. New criteria like immune-related response criteria (irRC) are needed to accurately assess these novel radiographic changes in solid tumors.

More Related Videos

Multiplexed Immunofluorescence Analysis and Quantification of Intratumoral PD-1+ Tim-3+ CD8+ T Cells

Multiplexed Immunofluorescence Analysis and Quantification of Intratumoral PD-1+ Tim-3+ CD8+ T Cells

Published on: February 8, 2018

In Vitro Tumor Cell Rechallenge For Predictive Evaluation of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Antitumor Function

In Vitro Tumor Cell Rechallenge For Predictive Evaluation of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Antitumor Function

Published on: February 27, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Predictive Immune Modeling of Solid Tumors

Predictive Immune Modeling of Solid Tumors

Published on: February 25, 2020

Multiplexed Immunofluorescence Analysis and Quantification of Intratumoral PD-1+ Tim-3+ CD8+ T Cells

Multiplexed Immunofluorescence Analysis and Quantification of Intratumoral PD-1+ Tim-3+ CD8+ T Cells

Published on: February 8, 2018

In Vitro Tumor Cell Rechallenge For Predictive Evaluation of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Antitumor Function

In Vitro Tumor Cell Rechallenge For Predictive Evaluation of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Antitumor Function

Published on: February 27, 2019

Area of Science:

Oncology
Radiology
Immunology

Background:

Immunotherapy is a key treatment for solid tumors, presenting unique radiographic response patterns.
Tumor enlargement or new lesions may represent pseudoprogression, not disease progression, under immunotherapy.
Kinetics of radiographic changes with immunotherapy differ from chemotherapy and radiation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the relationship between pseudoprogression, clinical outcomes, and its underlying biology.
To discuss unusual radiographic responses observed in patients undergoing immunotherapy.
To improve the underappreciation of clinical benefit from immunotherapy due to novel response patterns.

Main Methods:

Literature review evaluating pseudoprogression in immunotherapy.
Discussion of established and emerging response evaluation criteria.
Analysis of radiographic changes and their correlation with clinical outcomes.

Main Results:

Pseudoprogression is a documented phenomenon in patients receiving immunotherapy (e.g., checkpoint inhibitors, cellular therapies).
Existing clinical response guidelines inadequately address pseudoprogression and immunotherapy responses.
Evolution of response criteria (WHO, RECIST, irRC, iRECIST) reflects the need for new frameworks.

Conclusions:

Accurate assessment of immunotherapy response requires understanding pseudoprogression.
New immune-related response criteria are crucial for correctly interpreting radiographic changes.
Deeper understanding of pseudoprogression biology can prevent underappreciation of clinical benefit.