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Cesarean or Cesarean Epidemic?

Abdollah Jafarzadeh1,2, Maryam Hadavi2,3, Gholamhossein Hasanshahi2

  • 1Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.

Archives of Iranian Medicine
|December 12, 2019
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Cesarean section rates remain high globally and in Iran, despite efforts to reduce them. Effective interventions are needed to promote vaginal delivery and improve services.

Keywords:
Cesarean sectionDeliveryHealth policiesIran

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Public Health
  • Health Policy Research

Background:

  • Cesarean section techniques have advanced, but it remains a high-risk procedure with maternal and neonatal consequences.
  • Cesarean delivery rates are increasing globally due to various medical and non-medical factors.
  • Many countries are implementing strategies to decrease cesarean birth rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the prevalence and rate of cesarean sections worldwide, with a specific focus on Iran.
  • To review current trends and contributing factors to cesarean delivery rates.
  • To identify potential areas for intervention to reduce unnecessary cesarean births.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature review was conducted using keywords such as 'cesarean section prevalence' and 'Iran'.
  • Searches were performed in major scientific databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, ISI/Web of Sciences) and Iranian databases (Magiran, SID).
  • The review covered articles published between January 2017 and April 2019.

Main Results:

  • The study confirms a persistently high prevalence of cesarean sections globally.
  • In Iran, cesarean delivery rates varied significantly by province, with Tehran showing the highest (62.1%-72.1%) and Sistan and Baluchestan the lowest (12%).
  • Data indicates a continued high rate of C-sections across different regions.

Conclusions:

  • There is a critical need for strategic planning and effective interventions to manage high cesarean section rates.
  • Improving the quality of vaginal delivery services and promoting painless delivery options are essential.
  • Public education and cultural shifts are necessary to influence delivery choices and reduce reliance on cesarean births.