Binaural interaction in brainstem auditory evoked potentials elicited by frequency-specific stimuli
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Abstract:
The frequency specificity of the binaural interaction in brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) was investigated in ten normal-hearing young adults. A novel stimulus paradigm was devised to reduce the influence of the acoustic reflex (middle ear muscle contraction) on the BAEP, and to minimize the effect of variations in noise level. Sequences of six stimuli (rarefaction clicks or Gaussian-shaped tone pulses with carrier frequencies of 1, 2, 4 and 6 kHz) were periodically presented in the following order: right monaural, left monaural, binaural, left monaural, right monaural, binaural, with an interstimulus interval of 22 ms. Since the sequence of monaural stimuli with binaural stimuli interposed produces a uniform loudness and since the acoustic reflex is a consensual reflex, the relative high stimulus repetition rate (approx. 45/s) causes a muscle contraction which is equal on both sides and rather constant in time. This paradigm turned out to be usable for stimulus intensities as high as 80 dB nHL. The binaural difference potential (BDP) was computed by subtracting the sum of the monaurally (ipsilateral and contralateral) evoked potentials from the binaurally evoked potential. The major binaural interaction occurred in the latency range of BAEP waves V and VI, and there was no evidence of interaction in the earlier portion of the BAEP. Both latency and amplitude of the BDP components were evaluated statistically. The latency of the BDP components - except of the lasted one - showed an almost linear dependence both on stimulus intensity and stimulus frequency. The amplitude grew larger with decreasing frequency, and the visual detection threshold elevated as the stimulus frequency increased. Click stimuli, however, produced the largest amplitudes with lowest visual detection threshold. This novel stimulus paradigm appears to be most suitable for routine clinical investigations since high stimulus intensities can be used.