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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
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Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Protocol for Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with Symptom Provocation to Treat Obsessive-compulsive Disorder
11:11

Protocol for Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with Symptom Provocation to Treat Obsessive-compulsive Disorder

Published on: November 25, 2025

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A Method to Provoke Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms for Basic Research and Clinical Interventions.

Aron Tendler1,2,3, Elyssa Sisko2, Noam Barnea-Ygael3

  • 1Brainsway Ltd., Jerusalem, Israel.

Frontiers in Psychiatry
|December 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Deep repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) effectively treats obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) by using tailored symptom provocations. This method enhances dTMS efficacy by activating brain circuits before stimulation, aiding treatment and research.

Keywords:
cognitive paired associative stimulationdeep repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulationexposure and response preventionobsessive compulsive disorderprovocation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Methodology

Background:

  • Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) treatment often requires advanced therapeutic strategies.
  • Pharmacotherapy failure necessitates alternative interventions for OCD.
  • Deep repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) shows promise for OCD treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail a methodology for individualized symptom provocation prior to dTMS sessions for OCD.
  • To describe how to assess patient symptoms and design personalized provocations.
  • To guide personnel in administering provocations and managing potential challenges.

Main Methods:

  • A multicenter, sham-controlled study confirmed dTMS efficacy for OCD.
  • Patients underwent individually tailored symptom provocations before each dTMS session.
  • Provocations were designed to activate relevant neural circuitry, making it receptive to change.

Main Results:

  • The provocation procedure reliably induced moderate-intensity OCD symptoms.
  • Symptoms were intense enough for therapeutic effect but mild enough for dTMS continuation.
  • The methodology provides a step-wise guide for implementation and troubleshooting.

Conclusions:

  • This detailed methodology facilitates the clinical application of dTMS for OCD.
  • The provocation technique can enhance dTMS treatment outcomes.
  • This approach is also valuable for basic research, including neuroimaging studies and other therapeutic interventions.