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Related Concept Videos

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions01:20

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions

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Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
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Adherens Junctions01:24

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Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
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Adhesion01:14

Adhesion

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Adhesion occurs when one type of molecule is attracted to a different molecule. Water exhibits adhesive properties in the presence of polar surfaces, such as glass or cellulose in plants. For instance, when water is poured into a glass, the positively charged hydrogen molecules of water are more attracted to the negatively charged oxygen molecules in the silica than to the oxygen in neighboring water molecules.
Capillary action is a result of water’s adhesive tendencies. When a narrow...
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Selectins01:25

Selectins

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Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain,...
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Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

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Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
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Tension Response at Adherens Junctions01:26

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The adherens junctions that anchor cells together are multi-protein complexes that dynamically adapt to mechanical stimuli such as tensile forces and shear stress. Mechanosensory proteins in these junctions can sense such mechanical stimuli and undergo a shift in their conformation, resulting in an altered function — a process called mechanotransduction.
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Dynamic Adhesion Assay for the Functional Analysis of Anti-adhesion Therapies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
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Adhesions and Anti-Adhesion Systems Highlights.

L A Torres-De La Roche1, R Campo2, R Devassy3

  • 1University Hospital for Gynecology, Pius Hospital, University Medicine Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26121, Germany.

Facts, Views & Vision in Obgyn
|December 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Preventing peritoneal and intrauterine adhesions after gynecological surgery is crucial. While anti-adhesion substances show promise, evidence is lacking to confirm the superiority of specific prevention techniques.

Keywords:
Peritoneal adhesionsantiadhesion agentsgynecological surgeryprevention

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Area of Science:

  • Gynecological surgery
  • Adhesion prevention
  • Fibrosis research

Background:

  • Peritoneal and intrauterine cavities possess high wound-healing capacity, exemplified by the endometrium's scar-free repair during menstruation.
  • Surgical trauma can trigger molecular, immune, and genetic mechanisms leading to peritoneal and intrauterine fibrosis and adhesions.
  • Adhesions are a common complication of gynecological surgery, impacting organ function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review adhesion prevention techniques in gynecological surgeries.
  • To highlight the role of anti-adhesion substances in minimizing postoperative adhesions.
  • To identify gaps in evidence regarding the efficacy of various prevention and adhesiolysis strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on adhesions and anti-adhesion prevention in laparoscopic, laparotomic, and hysteroscopic surgeries.
  • Discussion of promising measures, including novel intrauterine and peritoneal conditions combined with anti-adhesion substances.
  • Analysis of existing evidence on surgical techniques, energy sources, distending media, and intracavitary pressure in relation to adhesion formation.

Main Results:

  • No single technique has proven superior in preventing postoperative adhesions.
  • Evidence regarding the efficacy of adhesiolysis techniques and adjuvant measures is limited.
  • Lack of standardized classification and prognostic scoring systems for intrauterine adhesions hinders risk assessment.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to establish the superiority of specific anti-adhesion strategies.
  • Development of a universal classification scheme and prognostic scoring system for intrauterine adhesions is essential.
  • Identifying women at high risk for adhesions is necessary to optimize the use of antiadhesion barriers.