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Genetics of Speciation

Genetics of Speciation

Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.

Gene Flow

Gene Flow

Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.

Fixed Action Patterns

Fixed Action Patterns

A fixed action pattern (FAP) is a specific, hard-wired sequence of behaviors that occurs in response to an external stimulus, called a sign stimulus. The behavior is “fixed” because it is essentially unchangeable—proceeding similarly across individuals of a species every time it occurs.

Migration

Migration

Migration is long-range, seasonal movement from one region or habitat to another. This common strategy, carried out by many different organisms around the world, is an adaptive response that typically corresponds to changes in an organism’s environment, like resource availability or climate. Migrations can involve huge groups of thousands of animals as well as single individuals traveling alone and can range from thousands of kilometers to just a few hundred meters.

Hybrid Zones

Hybrid Zones

Hybrid zones are narrow regions where two closely related species interact, mate, and produce hybrids. Relative to either parent species, hybrids may possess distinct phenotypic or genetic differences that impact their survival and reproductive success. The genetic variances introduced by hybridization influence species diversity and speciation processes within the hybrid zone.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Implantation of a New Micro Acoustic Tag in Juvenile Pacific Lamprey and American Eel

Implantation of a New Micro Acoustic Tag in Juvenile Pacific Lamprey and American Eel

Published on: March 16, 2019

Inferring Atlantic salmon post-smolt migration patterns using genetic assignment.

A C Harvey¹, M Quintela¹, K A Glover^1,2

¹Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Bergen, Norway.

Royal Society Open Science

|December 12, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Wild Atlantic salmon populations are declining. This study found inner fjord salmon face higher risks from sea lice and predation due to longer migration routes, informing conservation efforts.

Keywords:

aquaculture genetics management migration salmon lice salmonid

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Area of Science:

Ecology
Genetics
Conservation Biology

Background:

Wild Atlantic salmon populations have declined significantly over recent decades.
Sea lice from aquaculture are a suspected factor contributing to salmon mortality during migration.

Purpose of the Study:

To genetically identify the origins of wild Atlantic salmon post-smolts in Hardangerfjord.
To assess the differential risks faced by salmon populations based on their river of origin and migration routes.

Main Methods:

Microsatellite genotyping using 31 markers to establish a genetic baseline.
Mixed stock analysis to assign post-smolts to regional reporting units.
Analysis of migration timing and distances based on river origin within the fjord system.

Main Results:

Salmon post-smolts from inner fjord rivers had later arrival times at the outer fjord compared to those from middle and outer fjord rivers.
Inner fjord populations undertake longer migrations, increasing their exposure to risks.
These findings suggest inner fjord salmon populations are at greater risk from aquaculture-associated sea lice and predation.

Conclusions:

Genetics and migration analysis reveal distinct population-specific risks for wild Atlantic salmon in Hardangerfjord.
Inner fjord salmon populations are identified as particularly vulnerable.
Results will aid in refining models for sea lice impact and informing aquaculture regulation.