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Experimental respiratory decompression sickness in sheep.

C E Atkins1, C E Lehner, K A Beck

  • 1Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|September 1, 1988
PubMed
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Researchers developed a sheep model for respiratory decompression sickness (RDCS), or "the chokes," a dangerous condition from pressure changes. This model shows massive pulmonary embolization and can aid future RDCS and pulmonary hypertension studies.

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Baromedical Research
  • Animal Models

Background:

  • Respiratory decompression sickness (RDCS), or "the chokes," is a serious risk of pressure reduction.
  • A lack of suitable animal models has hindered research into RDCS.
  • Understanding RDCS mechanisms is crucial for diving and aviation safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a reliable animal model for studying respiratory decompression sickness (RDCS).
  • To investigate the physiological and pathological changes associated with RDCS in an ovine model.
  • To identify potential indicators of impending RDCS.

Main Methods:

  • Unanesthetized sheep were exposed to compressed air and then rapidly decompressed to simulated altitude.
  • Respiratory and cardiovascular parameters were monitored, including pulmonary arterial pressure.

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  • Precordial Doppler ultrasound was used to detect venous bubbles.
  • Necropsy and radiography were performed to assess pathological changes.

    • Main Results:

    • 17 of 18 sheep developed RDCS without central nervous system signs.
    • Significant venous bubble loading was detected via Doppler ultrasound.
    • Elevated pulmonary arterial pressures, hypoxemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia were observed.
    • Peribronchovascular and interstitial edema were prominent necropsy findings.
    • High body weight and catheterization were identified as predisposing factors.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed protocol provides a viable animal model for RDCS and obstructive pulmonary hypertension research.
    • Massive pulmonary embolization by bubbles appears to be the primary cause of RDCS in this model.
    • Doppler ultrasound detection of venous bubbles can predict impending RDCS, offering a potential early warning sign.