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Therapeutic Effectiveness of a Dietary Supplement for Management of Halitosis in Dogs
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Interventions for managing halitosis.

Sumanth Kumbargere Nagraj1, Prashanti Eachempati2, Eswara Uma3

  • 1Faculty of Dentistry, Melaka-Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Radiology, Jalan Batu Hampar, Bukit Baru, Melaka, Malaysia, 75150.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|December 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This Cochrane Review found very low-certainty evidence for interventions managing halitosis (bad breath). More high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the effectiveness of treatments like mouthwashes and tongue scrapers.

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Area of Science:

  • Oral Health
  • Evidence-Based Dentistry
  • Systematic Reviews

Background:

  • Halitosis, or bad breath, affects 50-60% of the global population, potentially causing social stigma and reduced self-confidence.
  • Interventions for halitosis range from mouthwashes and toothpastes to more advanced methods like lasers.
  • This review synthesizes evidence from previous Cochrane Reviews on tongue scraping and mouthrinses for halitosis management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effectiveness of interventions for controlling halitosis originating from oral diseases.
  • To exclude studies focusing on halitosis secondary to systemic conditions or interventions that merely mask breath odor.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a systematic review incorporating randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults (over 16 years).
  • Included interventions for halitosis compared against placebo or no intervention, with a minimum treatment duration of one week.
  • Excluded quasi-randomized trials, studies with less than one-week follow-up, and those involving advanced periodontitis.

Main Results:

  • Included 44 RCTs with 1809 participants; most had short-term follow-up, and many had high or unclear risk of bias.
  • Evidence for mechanical debridement, chewing gums, systemic deodorising agents, topical agents, toothpastes, mouthrinses, and combination methods was found to be of very low to low certainty.
  • No definitive conclusions could be drawn regarding the superiority of any specific intervention or concentration for halitosis management.

Conclusions:

  • The current evidence supporting interventions for halitosis is of low to very low certainty.
  • Further well-designed randomized controlled trials with standardized interventions and concentrations are necessary.
  • Conclusions on the superiority of any intervention for halitosis cannot be drawn from the available data.