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Related Concept Videos

Dementia01:30

Dementia

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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
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Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
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Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
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Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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[Transitional cognitive syndrome: Reconsidered classification of cognitive disorders].

Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova·2026
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
09:17

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

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[Rapidly progressive dementia].

N G Dudchenko1, E E Vasenina1

  • 1Russian Medical Academy for ContinuingProfessional Education, Moscow, Russia.

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova
|December 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diagnosing the cause of rapidly progressive dementia is crucial for timely, reversible treatment. Early intervention prevents severe cognitive decline or death, highlighting the importance of accurate etiological diagnosis.

Keywords:
Alzheimer diseaseJakob-Creutzfeldt diseaseautoimmune encephalitisbrain tumor-associated dementiadementiainfection dementiaprion diseasestoxic and metabolic dementiasvascular dementia

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The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Rapidly progressive dementia (RPD) presents a diagnostic challenge.
  • Timely and accurate etiological diagnosis is critical for potentially reversible conditions.
  • Delayed treatment can lead to irreversible neurological deficits or mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the current understanding of RPD.
  • To summarize the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies for major causes of RPD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current medical literature on rapidly progressive dementia.
  • Synthesis of data on etiological factors, disease mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • Multiple conditions can manifest as RPD, some of which are treatable.
  • Early diagnosis and intervention are key to improving patient outcomes.
  • A comprehensive understanding of RPD's diverse causes is essential for effective management.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate identification of the cause of RPD is paramount.
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment can lead to complete reversal of cognitive decline in certain cases.
  • This review consolidates essential information for clinicians managing patients with RPD.