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Phosphate supplementation, cardiovascular function, and exercise performance in humans.

D L Bredle1, J M Stager, W F Brechue

  • 1Department of Physical Education, Indiana University, Bloomington 47405.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|October 1, 1988
PubMed
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Oral phosphate (Pi) supplementation did not enhance endurance in runners. While plasma Pi increased, aerobic capacity and time to exhaustion remained unchanged, indicating no performance benefits.

Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Nutritional Biochemistry
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Oral phosphate (Pi) supplementation is theorized to enhance muscular work performance.
  • Empirical data substantiating these claims in athletes is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of oral calcium phosphate (Pi) supplementation on endurance performance and physiological responses in male runners.
  • To determine if Pi loading impacts maximal aerobic capacity (VO2 max) and submaximal exercise tolerance.

Main Methods:

  • A double-blind, crossover study involving 11 male runners.
  • Participants ingested either calcium Pi (176 mmol/day) or a placebo for 4 days.
  • Performance was assessed via VO2 max and treadmill run to exhaustion tests.

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Main Results:

  • Plasma Pi levels significantly increased after 4 days of Pi loading.
  • No significant changes were observed in VO2 max, time to exhaustion, erythrocyte Pi, or 2,3-diphosphoglycerate.
  • Pi loading led to decreased stroke volume and a trend towards lower cardiac output.
  • Increased arteriovenous O2 difference suggested enhanced peripheral oxygen extraction.

Conclusions:

  • Oral phosphate supplementation does not improve work tolerance or aerobic capacity in healthy individuals.
  • Pi loading alters cardiovascular function, specifically decreasing stroke volume and potentially cardiac output.
  • Enhanced oxygen extraction may occur peripherally, but this does not translate to improved endurance performance.