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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

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Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...
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Related Experiment Video

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Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on the Primary Motor Cortex by Online Combined Approach with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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Transcranial alternating current stimulation attenuates BOLD adaptation and increases functional connectivity.

Kohitij Kar1, Takuya Ito1, Michael W Cole1

  • 1Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, New Jersey.

Journal of Neurophysiology
|December 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) reduces sensory adaptation and increases brain connectivity. This noninvasive brain stimulation affects brain function in a dose-dependent manner, important for understanding its therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
BOLDfMRIfunctional connectivitymotion adaptationtranscranial alternating current stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique used for cognitive enhancement and clinical purposes.
  • The precise physiological mechanisms of tACS remain incompletely understood, with most research focusing on brain oscillation entrainment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that 10 Hz tACS modulates brain function by reducing sensory adaptation.
  • To examine the effects of tACS on brain activity and connectivity using concurrent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Main Methods:

  • Concurrent application of tACS and fMRI in human subjects.
  • Utilized a motion adaptation paradigm to quantify blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) adaptation.
  • Employed individualized head models to estimate tACS-induced electric fields.

Main Results:

  • tACS significantly attenuated sensory adaptation in the human motion area (hMT+).
  • tACS increased functional connectivity between hMT+ and other brain regions, including the dorsal attention network.
  • The increase in functional connectivity was proportional to the strength of the tACS-induced electric field.

Conclusions:

  • tACS at 10 Hz modulates local brain activity by reducing sensory adaptation.
  • tACS enhances global brain function by increasing functional connectivity in a dose-dependent manner.
  • These findings provide a more comprehensive understanding of tACS mechanisms, crucial for optimizing its therapeutic applications.