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In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Alternative Methods01:17

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Alternative drug dissolution methods include the rotating bottle, intrinsic dissolution test, peristalsis, and the Franz diffusion cell method. The rotating bottle method involves meticulously rotating tightly capped controlled-release beads in a temperature-controlled bath. Periodic decanting of samples allows for residue assay, followed by refilling with fresh medium and testing at various pH levels to emulate the gastrointestinal tract conditions.In contrast, the intrinsic dissolution test...
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Highly efficient cellulose dissolution by alkaline ionic liquids.

Kallidanthiyil Chellappan Lethesh1, Sigvart Evjen1, Vishwesh Venkatraman1

  • 1Department of chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491-Trondheim, Norway.

Carbohydrate Polymers
|December 13, 2019
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Summary

Alkaline ionic liquids (ILs) with organic anions efficiently dissolve cellulose. Phenolate-based imidazolium ILs achieved high cellulose dissolution (45 wt-%) without cellulose functionalization, offering a sustainable approach.

Keywords:
Cellulose dissolutionHigh concentrationIonic liquidPhenolate anionRoom temperature

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Area of Science:

  • Green Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biomass Processing

Background:

  • Cellulose dissolution is crucial for biomass valorization.
  • Ionic liquids (ILs) are promising solvents for cellulose.
  • Understanding ILs' structure-property relationships is key for efficient dissolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate alkaline ionic liquids (ILs) with unconventional organic anions for cellulose dissolution.
  • To explore the role of IL structure beyond H-bond basicity in cellulose dissolution.
  • To assess the feasibility of using these ILs for energy-efficient and sustainable cellulose processing.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of alkaline ionic liquids with phenolate-based anions.
  • Cellulose dissolution studies using [C2mim][OPh] and an organic solvent.
  • Characterization of regenerated cellulose using FTIR and XRD.
  • Determination of crystallinity index (CI) of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC).

Main Results:

  • High concentrations of cellulose (up to 45 wt-%) were dissolved at 100°C using [C2mim][OPh].
  • No functionalization of regenerated cellulose was observed (FTIR analysis).
  • Dissolution and regeneration resulted in a cellulose II XRD pattern, reducing MCC crystallinity from 93.2% to 31%.

Conclusions:

  • IL H-bond basicity is not the sole determinant of cellulose dissolution ability.
  • Alkaline ILs with specific organic anions offer an effective and sustainable method for cellulose dissolution.
  • This approach avoids inert conditions and preserves cellulose integrity.