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First-trimester screening for preeclampsia
Insights
Early screening for preeclampsia (PE) in the first trimester identifies high-risk pregnancies. Low-dose aspirin therapy can then prevent severe preeclampsia development.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine
- Clinical Biochemistry
Background:
- Preeclampsia (PE) is a major global cause of maternal and perinatal mortality.
- Early identification and intervention are crucial for managing PE.
- Current guidelines recommend screening in the first trimester.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize current recommendations for first-trimester preeclampsia screening.
- To outline strategies for preventing severe preeclampsia using low-dose aspirin therapy.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent scientific findings and clinical recommendations.
- Focus on Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) validated screening procedures.
- Adoption of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) recommendations.
Main Results:
- First-trimester screening, utilizing FMF-validated methods, is accurate for identifying preeclampsia risk.
- Early intervention with low-dose acetylsalicylic acid is effective in preventing severe PE.
- Risk stratification in the 11-13 gestational week is key for effective prevention.
Conclusions:
- First-trimester screening is essential for timely preeclampsia management.
- Low-dose aspirin therapy initiated early is a proven preventive strategy for severe PE.
- Adherence to FMF and FIGO guidelines ensures optimal screening and prevention protocols.
Design:
Review article.
Setting:
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Palacky University Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital Olomouc; The Institute for the Care of Mother and Child and 3rd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, Prague; G-CENTRUM Olomouc, Olomouc; Genetika Plzeň, Pilsen. Methods, results: Preeclampsia (PE) is a multisystem disorder complicating pregnancy. It is the leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Recent studies have shown that high-risk pregnant women may benefit from low-dose acetylsalicylic acid early therapy in prevention of the development of severe forms of the disease. The risk group of pregnant women should be identified in 11-13 gestational week for effective prevention. The only procedure validated in many studies for performing PE screening with sufficient diagnostic accuracy in the first trimester of pregnancy is given by The Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) and has been adopted and published in a new recommendation by The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO).
Conclusion:
This article summarizes the recent findings and recommendation for performing screening of preeclampsia in 1st trimester of pregnancy and how to prevent the development of severe forms of PE by low-dose acetylsalicylic acid therapy.
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