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Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: an Update

Rajaa Almourani1, Bhavana Chinnakotla1, Richa Patel1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.

Current Diabetes Reports
|December 13, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Cardiovascular disease is a major risk for people with diabetes. Managing diabetes requires focusing on cardiovascular risk reduction with glucose-lowering agents and other therapies, not just glycemic control.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of death in individuals with diabetes.
  • Effective management strategies for diabetes must address the high risk of CVD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology of CVD in diabetes.
  • To examine landmark clinical trials related to CVD in diabetes.
  • To discuss the cardiovascular benefits of glucose-lowering agents and anti-platelet therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pathophysiology.
  • Analysis of landmark clinical trials.
  • Discussion of current treatment guidelines and emerging evidence.

Main Results:

  • Statins are recommended for all diabetic patients over 40, irrespective of LDL levels, due to proven cardiovascular benefits.
  • Blood pressure targets below 130/80 mmHg are advised for high-risk individuals.
  • Multifactorial risk reduction, including lipid-lowering and antihypertensive agents, is crucial.

Conclusions:

  • Glycemic control alone is insufficient for optimal diabetes management.
  • Glucose-lowering agents with demonstrated cardiovascular benefits should be initiated early.
  • Comprehensive cardiovascular risk reduction is essential for patients with diabetes.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cardiovascular diseaseDiabetesDyslipidemiaHypertensionLegacy effectMemory effect

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