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Transcriptome and binding data indicate that citral inhibits single strand DNA-binding proteins.

Elisa Graña1, Carla Díaz-Tielas1, Adela M Sánchez-Moreiras1,2

  • 1Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, University of Vigo, Vigo, 36310, Spain.

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Citral significantly downregulates gene transcription in Arabidopsis thaliana, affecting nucleic acid binding and transcription factors. Molecular docking suggests citral binds to these proteins, explaining its phytotoxic effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Citral is a known phytotoxin with poorly understood mechanisms.
  • Gene expression analysis is crucial for understanding plant responses to environmental stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanism of citral phytotoxicity in Arabidopsis thaliana.
  • To identify genes and pathways affected by citral exposure.

Main Methods:

  • RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was employed to analyze gene expression changes in roots and shoots.
  • In silico molecular docking was used to predict citral binding to target proteins.

Main Results:

  • Citral caused significant downregulation of thousands of genes in roots and shoots within 1 hour.
  • Single-strand DNA binding proteins (SSBPs) WHY1-3 and transcription factors MYC-2, ANAC, and SCR-SHR were notably downregulated.
  • Molecular docking indicated citral isomers bind to SSBPs and transcription factors.

Conclusions:

  • Citral's phytotoxicity is mediated by the downregulation of essential genes, including those involved in nucleic acid binding and transcription regulation.
  • Citral directly interacts with key proteins like SSBPs and transcription factors, disrupting normal cellular functions.