Acetaminophen increases pulmonary and systemic vasomotor tone in the newborn rat

Acetaminophen is widely prescribed to both neonates and young children for a variety of reasons. In adults, therapeutic usage of acetaminophen induces systemic arterial pressure changes and exposure to high doses promotes tissue toxicity. The pulmonary vascular effects of acetaminophen at any age are unknown. Hypothesizing that, early in life, it promotes vasomotor tone changes via oxidative stress, we tested the in vitro acetaminophen effects on intrapulmonary and carotid arteries from newborn and adult rats.

We measured the acetaminophen dose-response in isometrically mounted arteries and pharmacologically evaluated the factors accounting for its vasomotor effects.

Acetaminophen induced concentration- and age-dependent vasomotor tone changes. Whereas a progressive increase in vasomotor tone was observed in the newborn, the adult arteries showed mostly vasorelaxation. Inhibition of endogenous nitric oxide generation with L-NAME and the use of the peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst FeTPPS (Fe(III)5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrinato chloride) mostly abolished the drug-induced increase in newborn pulmonary vasomotor tone CONCLUSIONS: In newborn rats, acetaminophen increases pulmonary vasomotor tone via peroxynitrite generation. Given its therapeutic usage, further clinical studies are warranted to assess the acetaminophen effects on the newborn pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance.