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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

767
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
767
Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Longitudinal Studies01:26

Longitudinal Studies

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Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
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Early Speech Rate Development: A Longitudinal Study.

Anna Tendera1, Matthew Rispoli2, Ambikaipakan Senthilselvan3

  • 1Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.

Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR
|December 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children

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Area of Science:

  • Child language acquisition
  • Speech development
  • Linguistic development

Background:

  • Limited longitudinal data exists for speech rate development in children under three.
  • Understanding early speech patterns is crucial for identifying developmental trajectories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental trajectory of speech rate between 2 and 3 years of age.
  • To analyze changes in speech rate, phonemes per second (PPS), and utterance length over a one-year period.
  • To explore potential sex differences in early speech development.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study design with assessments at four time points between ages 2;0 and 3;0.
  • Multilevel modeling used to analyze speech rate (syllables per second), phonemes per second (PPS), length of active declarative sentences, and mean length of utterance.
  • Data collected from a cohort of children aged 2 to 3 years.

Main Results:

  • Significant linear increases observed in speech rate, PPS, and utterance length over the study period.
  • Sex-based differences were noted in speech rate, PPS, and utterance length, suggesting sex as a factor in development.
  • Rapid development of the speech motor system coincides with early grammatical emergence.

Conclusions:

  • Speech rate and utterance complexity increase significantly between ages 2 and 3.
  • Sex may influence early speech development patterns.
  • Speech rate is a potentially valuable metric for assessing typical and atypical speech development.