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Round window dysfunction can cause conductive hearing loss by impeding sound energy. Radiologists are crucial for identifying and classifying diverse pathologies affecting this critical auditory structure.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Radiology
  • Auditory Science

Background:

  • The round window (RW) decompresses acoustic energy entering the cochlea.
  • RW motion is coupled to stapes movement at the oval window.
  • RW occlusion causes conductive hearing loss by increasing acoustic impedance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the spectrum of pathologies affecting the round window.
  • To emphasize the radiologist's role in diagnosing RW dysfunction.
  • To categorize RW pathologies as developmental, acquired, neoplastic, or iatrogenic.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pathologies affecting the round window.
  • Analysis of imaging findings in RW dysfunction.
  • Correlation of clinical presentation with radiological findings.

Main Results:

  • Round window pathologies are often missed on otoscopy and intraoperative inspection.
  • Radiology is essential for accurate diagnosis and classification of RW diseases.
  • Diverse conditions, including developmental, acquired, neoplastic, and iatrogenic causes, impact the RW.

Conclusions:

  • Round window dysfunction presents a diagnostic challenge for otologic surgeons.
  • Radiologists are vital for identifying and characterizing RW pathologies.
  • Comprehensive understanding of RW diseases aids in appropriate patient management.