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Related Concept Videos

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames
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On Simulating Concurrent Flame Spread in Reduced Gravity by Reducing Ambient Pressure.

Maria Thomsen1, Carlos Fernandez-Pello1, David L Urban2

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Proceedings of the Combustion Institute. International Symposium on Combustion
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Reducing ambient pressure in normal gravity can simulate microgravity fire conditions. Lowering pressure slows flame spread and reduces intensity, with similar rates observed around 30 kPa, aiding spacecraft fire safety research.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Spacecraft fire safety engineering
  • Combustion science in reduced gravity

Background:

  • Spacecraft fire safety is critical due to unique environmental conditions.
  • Ground-based tests simulating microgravity are vital for cost-effective research.
  • Reduced ambient pressure can mitigate buoyancy effects, mimicking microgravity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of pressure on material flammability.
  • To compare ground-based reduced-pressure tests with microgravity data.
  • To assess the feasibility of using reduced pressure to simulate reduced gravity for fire studies.

Main Methods:

  • Studied upward/concurrent flame spread rates and flame appearance of a cotton/fiberglass fabric (Sibal).
  • Conducted normal gravity experiments at pressures from 100 to 30 kPa with forced airflow.
  • Utilized microgravity data from NASA's Saffire experiment at 100 kPa.

Main Results:

  • Decreasing ambient pressure significantly slowed flame spread over the fabric.
  • Reduced pressure led to decreased flame intensity.
  • Flame spread rates at approximately 30 kPa in normal gravity matched microgravity conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced pressure effectively simulates microgravity effects on flame spread for specific materials.
  • A mixed convection parameter correlates normal gravity and microgravity flame spread data.
  • Findings support the use of ground-based reduced-pressure testing for spacecraft fire safety design.