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Nonequilibrium Structural Evolution of Q-Carbon and Interfaces.

Ritesh Sachan1, Siddharth Gupta2, Jagdish Narayan2

  • 1School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , Oklahoma State University , Stillwater , Oklahoma 74078 , United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|December 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers created novel Q-carbon/carbon heterostructures using ultrafast laser quenching. These structures exhibit atomically sharp interfaces and tunable properties, paving the way for new material applications.

Keywords:
Q-carbonRaman spectroscopylaser annealingmolecular dynamicsnonequilibriumpolyamorphismscanning transmission electron microscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Q-carbon is a metastable carbon phase formed via rapid quenching of super-undercooled carbon melt.
  • It features densely packed diamond tetrahedra with high packing efficiency (>80%).
  • Pulsed laser annealing offers a nonequilibrium route to fabricate novel carbon heterostructures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the controlled evolution of Q-carbon/α-carbon and Q-carbon/diamond heterostructures.
  • To investigate the role of solidification rates in interface formation.
  • To explore the potential for designing advanced carbon materials.

Main Methods:

  • Ultrafast quenching of carbon melt using nanosecond pulsed laser annealing.
  • High-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (HRSTEM) and Raman spectroscopy.
  • Laser-solid interaction simulations and ab initio modeling.

Main Results:

  • Fabrication of Q-carbon/α-carbon bilayers with atomically sharp interfaces on c-Al2O3 substrates.
  • Q-carbon phase (∼80% sp3) formed near the substrate, transitioning to α-carbon (∼40% sp3) with decreasing regrowth velocity (<6 m/s).
  • Distinct atomic and electronic structures observed in the heterobilayer.

Conclusions:

  • Controlled solidification rates of undercooled carbon melt enable the design of Q-carbon-based heterostructures.
  • Atomically sharp interfaces and tunable properties are achievable via pulsed laser processing.
  • This nonequilibrium fabrication approach opens avenues for advanced functional carbon materials.