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Pulse transit time based respiratory rate estimation with singular spectrum analysis.

Xiaorong Ding1,2, Bryan P Yan3, Walter Karlen4

  • 1Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR. xiaorong.ding@eng.ox.ac.uk.

Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing
|December 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Estimating respiratory rate (RR) using pulse transit time (PTT) offers a novel, unobtrusive method. This study shows PTT, combined with singular spectrum analysis, accurately estimates RR from electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals.

Keywords:
Blood pressurePulse transit timeRespiratory rateSingular spectrum analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Physiological Monitoring
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Respiratory rate (RR) is a critical vital sign, yet accurate, unobtrusive measurement in clinical settings is challenging.
  • Pulse transit time (PTT), derived from electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals, presents a novel, non-invasive approach for physiological monitoring.
  • Existing methods for RR estimation from ECG and PPG signals have limitations in accuracy and unobtrusiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a method for continuous respiratory rate (RR) estimation using pulse transit time (PTT).
  • To employ singular spectrum analysis (SSA) to extract respiratory components from PTT signals for enhanced RR estimation.
  • To compare the accuracy of PTT-based RR estimation against traditional methods and reference measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Continuous RR was estimated using PTT derived from ECG and PPG signals.
  • Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) was applied to isolate respiratory signals from PTT.
  • Three RR estimation parameters (RRPSD, RR#, RRinst) were calculated and compared to reference RR measured by a respiratory belt in 17 subjects under varying breathing conditions.

Main Results:

  • The PTT-based method demonstrated reliable tracking of respiratory variations.
  • Root mean square errors for RRPSD, RR#, and RRinst were 0.84, 1.11, and 0.74 breaths/min, respectively.
  • PTT-derived RR estimation outperformed other ECG/PPG-derived parameters like heart rate variability, QRS area, and PPG amplitude.

Conclusions:

  • Pulse transit time (PTT) is a feasible and accurate method for estimating respiratory rate (RR).
  • The integration of singular spectrum analysis (SSA) with PTT enhances RR estimation accuracy.
  • ECG and PPG signals, via PTT, can be utilized for comprehensive monitoring of RR, blood pressure, and heart rate.