Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

RNA Splicing

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA Splicing

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...

Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing

Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing

pre-mRNA Processing

pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Long-term feeder cell-free cat intestinal organoid cultures to study Toxoplasma gondii's sexual development.

Communications biology·2026

Same author

Publisher Correction: Polyamine-dependent metabolic shielding regulates alternative splicing.

Nature·2026

Same author

Polyamine-dependent metabolic shielding regulates alternative splicing.

Nature·2026

Same author

Unearthing soil biodiversity through collaborative genomic research and education.

Nature genetics·2025

Same author

A splice-switching antisense oligonucleotide approach for pediatric genetic epilepsies.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Same author

AI-based HRCT quantification reveals DLCO and TLC as key determinants of ILD severity in connective tissue diseases.

RMD open·2025

Same journal

Whole-cell particle-based digital twin simulations from 4D lattice light-sheet microscopy data.

Cell·2026

Same journal

Systematic discovery of pathogen effector functions across human pathogens and pathways.

Cell·2026

Same journal

Structural basis for host membrane binding and remodeling by invading malaria parasites.

Cell·2026

Same journal

Multiscale integration of tissue and chromatin context converts cell heterogeneity into stable intestinal patterning.

Cell·2026

Same journal

Arc mediates intercellular tau transmission via extracellular vesicles.

Cell·2026

Same journal

Electromagnetic field-inducible in vivo gene switch for remote spatiotemporal control of gene expression.

Cell·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes

Published on: April 22, 2021

Splicing Calls Back.

Tobias Hoffmann¹, Juan Valcárcel²

¹Centre de Regulació Genòmica and Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.

|December 14, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Intron removal from RNA precursors is often co-transcriptional. Activating internal exons can enhance gene expression by promoting alternative transcription initiation, boosting gene output.

More Related Videos

A Reporter Based Cellular Assay for Monitoring Splicing Efficiency

A Reporter Based Cellular Assay for Monitoring Splicing Efficiency

Published on: September 15, 2021

Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells

Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells

Published on: April 26, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes

Published on: April 22, 2021

A Reporter Based Cellular Assay for Monitoring Splicing Efficiency

A Reporter Based Cellular Assay for Monitoring Splicing Efficiency

Published on: September 15, 2021

Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells

Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells

Published on: April 26, 2017

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Gene Regulation

Background:

Intron removal from eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) precursors is a critical step in gene expression.
This process, known as splicing, frequently occurs concurrently with transcription (co-transcriptional splicing).
Alternative splicing allows a single gene to produce multiple protein isoforms, increasing proteomic diversity.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of internal exon activation in modulating gene expression.
To determine if alternative transcription initiation sites can be influenced by exon activation.
To understand the evolutionary and tissue-specific mechanisms underlying gene expression regulation.

Main Methods:

Analysis of gene expression patterns in response to altered exon activation.
Identification and characterization of alternative transcription initiation sites.
Computational and experimental approaches to study co-transcriptional processes.

Main Results:

Evolutionary or tissue-specific activation of an internal exon was found to enhance gene expression.
This enhancement is mediated by the promotion of alternative transcription initiation sites.
The study provides a novel mechanism for regulating gene output through exon-splicing dynamics.

Conclusions:

Activation of internal exons represents a regulatory mechanism to fine-tune gene expression levels.
The interplay between splicing and transcription initiation offers a sophisticated layer of gene control.
These findings have implications for understanding gene regulation in development and disease.