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Structural correlates of commission errors in prospective memory.

Michael K Scullin1, B Hunter Ball2, Julie M Bugg3

  • 1Baylor University, United States.

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
|December 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults who repeat prospective memory tasks, like double-dosing medication, show larger medial temporal lobe volumes. This suggests specific brain structures influence prospective memory errors in aging.

Keywords:
AgingCommission ErrorHippocampusOrbitofrontal cortexProspective Memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Prospective memory involves remembering future actions, with errors including both forgetting tasks (omission) and repeating them (commission).
  • Commission errors, or prospective memory failures in deactivation, are less studied than omission errors.
  • Existing theories propose different neuroanatomical correlates for commission errors, focusing on medial temporal lobe (MTL) and lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) volumes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural neuroimaging correlates of prospective memory commission errors in healthy older adults.
  • To test predictions from competing theories regarding the relationship between brain volume and commission errors.
  • To identify specific brain regions associated with the tendency to repeat completed prospective memory actions.

Main Methods:

  • Structural neuroimaging (MRI) was used to measure grey and white matter volumes in healthy older adults (n=47).
  • A laboratory measure assessed the frequency of commission errors in a prospective memory task.
  • Registered analyses examined correlations between brain volumes (MTL, lateral PFC, parietal lobe) and commission error rates, followed by post hoc analyses of other PFC subregions.

Main Results:

  • Higher commission errors were significantly associated with larger medial temporal lobe/hippocampal grey matter volume.
  • No significant associations were found between commission errors and grey or white matter volume in the lateral parietal lobe, frontal pole, or ventrolateral/dorsolateral PFC.
  • Post hoc analysis revealed a correlation between smaller lateral orbitofrontal cortex volume and increased commission errors.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support the dual mechanisms theory, suggesting a functional dissociation between MTL and PFC regions in controlling prospective memory.
  • The results indicate that larger MTL volume may be linked to a higher risk of prospective memory commission errors in older adults.
  • While supporting the dual mechanisms theory, the specific PFC subregion involved (lateral orbitofrontal cortex) differed from initial predictions, highlighting the complexity of PFC control over memory deactivation.