2D-3D Digital Image Correlation Comparative Analysis for Indentation Process

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Mechanical Engineering
• Manufacturing Processes

Background:

• Localized forming operations are emerging as alternatives to conventional machining.
• Indentation processes involve small, localized deformations crucial for material behavior analysis.
• Understanding material flow and forces is essential for controlling these forming operations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare 2D and 3D Digital Image Correlation (DIC) techniques for analyzing material flow in indentation processes.
• To determine if 3D DIC is mandatory for accurately capturing material flow phenomena.
• To propose a mixed 2D-3D DIC approach for specific analysis needs.

Main Methods:

• Application of Digital Image Correlation (DIC) for material flow analysis.
• Calibration and implementation of both 2D and 3D DIC methodologies.
• Comparison of DIC results with experimental tests and finite element method (FEM) models.

Main Results:

• 2D DIC provides satisfactory results, showing good agreement with experimental and FEM data.
• 3D DIC is required to accurately capture material flow beneath the punch, including dead zone formation.
• A 2D-3D mixed analysis is proposed for detailed study of specific material flow areas.

Conclusions:

• 2D DIC is a viable technique for general material flow analysis in indentation.
• 3D DIC is essential for comprehensive understanding, particularly for dead zone phenomena.
• A combined 2D-3D DIC approach offers flexibility for detailed investigations in localized forming.